# Re: [tlaplus] meaning of the lead to (~>) operator

• From: Calvin Loncaric <c.a.loncaric@xxxxxxxxx>
• Date: Sat, 10 Apr 2021 14:28:03 -0700

The (FALSE) ~> (y = 5) case looks like a bug to me! I was able to reproduce it in a very simplified example on my own computer. It is either a bug or we have both deeply misunderstood the ~> operator.

The trace you showed for the (x > 0) ~> (y = 5) case does not look like a bug. It looks like a true counterexample to me. In the trace, there is a state where x>0 (e.g. state 2) and that state is not followed by a later state where y=5. Therefore, x>0 does not always lead to y=5. The property is indeed violated.

On Sat, Apr 10, 2021 at 1:32 PM seup yun <syun4541@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
here is the error trace i'm getting when using the formula (x > 0) ~> (y = 5)

and when using the fomrula (FALSE) ~> (y = 5)

I don't understand why these formulas even causes the error, what am i missing? why mplication operator evaluated as false when left operand of the implication is FALSE?

2021년 4월 11일 일요일 오전 3시 22분 22초 UTC+9에 isaacd...@xxxxxxxxx님이 작성:
Hello Seup,

What is the error trace you're getting?

From the actions you have defined, as long as x remains <= 0, we never need to increment y. A possible behavior is Init, SetX, IncX, SetX, IncX, ...

It may be enough to simply change the enabling condition for IncY to x >= 0 (but that may not be "allowed" by what you are trying to specify).

Best,

Isaac DeFrain

On Sat, Apr 10, 2021 at 10:56 AM seup yun <syun...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:

Hi,

I'm trying to specify "If some operation does not happens, then some condition eventually becomes true"

full specification is following:
-------------------------------- MODULE test --------------------------------

EXTENDS Integers

VARIABLE x,y

Init ==
/\ x = 0
/\ y = 0

IncX ==
/\ x' = IF x < 5 THEN (x + 1) ELSE 5
/\ UNCHANGED <<y>>

IncY ==
/\ x > 0
/\ y' = IF y < 5 THEN (y + 1) ELSE 5
/\ UNCHANGED <<x>>

SetX ==
/\ x' = -1
/\ UNCHANGED <<y>>

Next ==
\/ IncX
\/ IncY
\/ SetX

Invariant1 ==
/\ x < 6
/\ y < 6

temporalFormula1 ==  (x > 0) ~> (y = 5)
=============================================================================

and behavior spec is:
Init /\ [][Next]_<<x,y>> /\ WF_x(IncX) /\ WF_x(SetX) /\ WF_<<x,y>>(IncY)

my question is, why temporalFormula1 is violated?

I know that (x > 0) ~> (y = 5) means:
((x > 0) => <>(y = 5)) which is
\A n \in Nat. \sigma^{+n} ⊨ (x > 0) => ¬□¬(y = 5) which is
\A n \in Nat. \sigma^{+n} ⊨ (x > 0) => \sigma^{+n} ⊨ \E m \in Nat. \sigma{+m} ⊨ (y = 5) which is
\A n \in Nat. \sigma^{+n} ⊨ (x > 0) => \E m \in Nat. \sigma^{+n+m} ⊨ (y = 5)

so, i believed that error-trace should not contains the state that x is -1 but it does.

I even tried the formula (FALSE) ~> (y = 5) but it still fails with similar error trace. what's my mistake here?

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "tlaplus" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to tlaplus+u...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.