Try adding `3 \in S` to your assumptions (along with the commented-out rule about P's behavior `\A s \in S : P[s] = IF s \in {1, 2} THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE`).
Since S is unconstrained, there is no way for you (or TLAPS) to prove or disprove either of the following:
If `3 \in S`, then we can instantiate the rule about P's behavior to show `P[3] = IF 3 \in {1, 2} THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE`, implying `P[3] = FALSE`.
If `3 \notin S` then we can't say anything about what P[3] equals. In this case P[3] could be TRUE, even given all your other assumptions.
--
Calvin